Gene delivery consists of introducing DNA or RNA into cells, tissues, or organisms, in order to study regulation and function of genes and proteins. The biggest physical hurdle that gene delivery technologies have to overcome is the cell membrane, which is impermeable to charged macromolecules such as DNA and RNA. Numerous different gene delivery methods using either chemical, physical and biological pathways have been used in recent years and are constantly being improved upon. Viral mediated introduction, liposome-based, and receptor mediated transfection reagents are the most widely used techniques for the introduction of the desired gene into the target cells.

Gene therapy aims at treating both genetic (e.g. cancer, haemophilia) and infectious diseases (e.g. AIDS) by introducing new genetic material into selected cells. The major challenge is to deliver the gene safely and efficiently into the desired cells. One of the most successful ways of introducing the gene of interest into the appropriate cell line uses recombinant adenovirus. Recombinant adenovirus can also be used in vaccination by expressing a gene product that triggers an immune response.

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